Dicyandiamide (DCD) CAS No.: 461-58-5
Dicyandiamide (DCD) is a white crystalline dimer of cyanamide, primarily used as a latent epoxy curing agent in high-performance composites and powder coatings, and as a nitrification inhibitor in agriculture to reduce nitrogen fertilizer loss. It is also a key intermediate for synthesizing melamine and flame retardants.
1. Overview
DCD is a white crystalline powder and a dimer of cyanamide. It serves as a versatile intermediate in organic synthesis and is widely used as a epoxy curing agent, slow-release fertilizer additive, and precursor to guanidine and melamine. It is known for its high nitrogen content (~66.6%) and low toxicity.
2. Key Features
High Nitrogen Content – 66.6% N, used as nitrification inhibitor in agriculture
Latent Curing Agent – Long pot life for epoxy resins, activated by heat
Versatile Intermediate – Precursor for guanidine, melamine, and pharmaceuticals
Low Toxicity – Safe to handle compared to many industrial chemicals
Stable & Non-Hygroscopic – Easy to store and handle
3. Key Specifications
| Parameter | Typical Value | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White crystalline powder | Discoloration indicates impurities |
| Assay (Purity) | ≥99.0% – ≥99.5% | Higher purity for pharma/epoxy applications |
| Melting Point | 208 – 212°C | Sharp range indicates high purity |
| Density | 1.40 g/cm³ | Affects packing and handling |
| Moisture | ≤0.5% | Low moisture prevents caking |
| Residue on Ignition | ≤0.2% | Low inorganic impurities |
| Solubility | 3.2 g/100 mL (20°C water) | Moderately water soluble |
4. Applications
| Area | Specific Uses |
|---|---|
| Agriculture | Nitrification inhibitor in slow-release fertilizers; reduces nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emissions |
| Epoxy Resins | Latent curing agent for powder coatings, adhesives, composites, and circuit boards (provides long pot life, heat-activated cure) |
| Pharmaceuticals | Intermediate for guanidine derivatives; used in metformin and other drug syntheses |
| Flame Retardants | Component in intumescent coatings and fire-retardant formulations |
| Water Treatment | Corrosion inhibitor in boiler water treatment |
| Textiles & Adhesives | Resin finishing agent for wrinkle-resistant fabrics |
5. Grade Comparison
| Grade | Purity | Particle Size | Typical Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Industrial Grade | ≥99.0% | 100 – 200 mesh | Fertilizer, water treatment, general synthesis |
| Epoxy Grade (Fine Powder) | ≥99.3% | 200 – 325 mesh | Powder coatings, adhesives, laminates |
| Pharma Grade | ≥99.5% | As required | Drug intermediates (metformin) |
| High Purity | ≥99.8% | As required | Advanced synthesis, electronics |
6. Buying Guide
Select by application:
Fertilizer additive → Industrial grade, cost-effective
Epoxy powder coatings → Fine powder (200-325 mesh), uniform particle size
Pharmaceutical synthesis → Pharma grade (≥99.5%), low impurities
Flame retardants → Industrial grade, standard particle size
Key quality parameters:
Purity – Affects curing characteristics and reaction yields
Particle size – Critical for powder coating dispersion and cure uniformity
Moisture – Low moisture prevents caking and processing issues
Melting point – Indicates purity and consistency
Storage & handling:
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area
Keep containers tightly sealed – slightly hygroscopic
Avoid dust generation (respiratory irritant)
Shelf life: 24+ months when stored properly
7. FAQ
Q: What is DCD used for in epoxy resins?
A: DCD is a latent curing agent – inactive at room temperature, activated by heat (typically 150–180°C). It provides long pot life (months) for one-component epoxy systems, used in powder coatings, structural adhesives, and circuit boards.
Q: How does DCD work as a nitrification inhibitor?
A: DCD inhibits soil bacteria (Nitrosomonas) from converting ammonium (NH₄⁺) to nitrate (NO₃⁻). This slows nitrogen loss through leaching and denitrification, improving fertilizer efficiency and reducing environmental pollution.
Q: Is DCD safe for food crops?
A: Yes, when used as directed. DCD is approved in many countries as a nitrification inhibitor. However, some regions have set residue limits after trace amounts were found in milk (via contaminated feed). Check local regulations.
8. Delivery & Service
Packaging: 25kg bag (paper + PE liner), 500kg/1000kg bulk bag, 50kg drum
Lead time: Stock: 3–7 days; bulk orders: 2–3 weeks
Documentation: CoA (purity, moisture, melting point, particle size), MSDS, TDS
Certifications: ISO 9001; fertilizer grade: REACH registered (varies by supplier)
Shipping: Not classified as dangerous goods
