Acetic Acid CAS：64-19-7
Acetic Acid, with CAS number 64‑19‑7 and commonly referred to as glacial acetic acid, is a transparent, colorless fluid that emits a strong, pungent odor similar to vinegar. As a mild carboxylic acid with the molecular formula \(C_{2}H_{4}O_{2}\), it is extensively applied in industrial manufacturing, such as the production of vinyl acetate monomer, cellulose acetate, and various organic solvents, and also serves as an approved food additive. This chemical is hygroscopic and corrosive by nature, and will turn into a solid state when the ambient temperature drops below 16.6°C.
Essential Specifications & Core Properties
CAS Registry Number: 64-19-7
Chemical Formula: CH₃COOH
Molar Mass: 60.05 g/mol
Density: Approximately 1.05 g/mL at 25°C
Flash Point: 104°F (40°C)
Melting Point: 16.6°C
Alternative Names: Glacial acetic acid, ethanoic acid
Primary Industrial & Commercial Uses
Chemical Manufacturing: Serves as a foundational raw material for producing acetic anhydride, vinyl acetate monomer (a key component in plastics and adhesives), and cellulose acetate.
Solvent & Synthetic Intermediate: Functions as a versatile polar protic solvent for a wide range of organic synthesis reactions.
Food & Beverage Sector: Approved as a food additive and preservative, most commonly recognized as the active component in vinegar.
Laboratory & Analytical Applications: A staple reagent in scientific research, utilized as a solvent, reaction medium, and mobile phase additive for HPLC and MS analytical techniques.
Safety Guidelines & Handling Protocols
Hazard Overview: A corrosive substance that causes severe skin burns and permanent eye damage. Both the liquid and its vapor are flammable, requiring strict fire safety precautions.
Storage Requirements: Store in a cool, well-ventilated location, isolated from all ignition sources. Due to its hygroscopic nature, it is recommended to store under an inert gas atmosphere to prevent moisture absorption.
Corrosivity Note: Highly corrosive to most metals and biological tissues, necessitating appropriate personal protective equipment during handling.
For comprehensive safety details, the full Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is available on the Sigma-Aldrich official website.
